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Enhancing Communication Equity: Evaluation of an Automated Speech Recognition Application in Ghana

In Ghana people who struggle to articulate speech as a result of different conditions experience barriers in interacting with others due to difficulties in being understood. Automatic speech recognition software can be used to help listeners understand people with communication difficulties. However, studies have not looked at the practical feasibility of these technologies beyond the Global North. We present a novel user study examining the introduction of one such technology, Google Project Relate, to Ghana. This freely available mobile application can create personalised speech recognition models in English for non-standard speech to support communication. Our user study spans the training of local speech and language therapists and 20 people with communication difficulties. We utilise the Technology Amplification Theory to contribute insights on the need for technological adaptations, awareness and support to reduce differential gaps of access, capacity and motivation to expand the reach of these technologies rather than exacerbating inequalities.

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05 Nov 24
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Accessibility
Accessibility, A11y
The design of technologies, services, and environments so they can be used by people with diverse abilities, including people with disabilities.
Assistive Technology
Assistive Technology
Tools or systems that help people with disabilities perform tasks more easily. Inclusive speech recognition can function as assistive technology for communication.
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Automatic Speech Recognition, ASR
Technology that converts spoken language into written text. ASR enables devices and software to "understand" human speech and is used in tools such as voice assistants, transcription services, and accessibility technologies.
Community-Centred Design
Community-Centred Design, Community Centred Design
An approach that actively involves people who will use the technology in its design, development, and testing, ensuring solutions reflect real needs and lived experiences.
Data Annotation
Data Annotation
The process of labelling speech recordings with accurate text or metadata. Annotation helps machines learn how spoken words relate to written language.
Digital Language Inclusion
Digital Language Inclusion
The practice of ensuring that digital technologies recognise, understand, and support all ways people speak, including diverse languages, accents, and speech patterns.
Ethical Data Collection
Ethical Data Collection
The practice of collecting data with informed consent, transparency, privacy protection, and respect for participants' rights and dignity.
Inclusive AI
Inclusive AI
Artificial Intelligence systems designed to work fairly and effectively for people of different abilities, languages, and backgrounds, without excluding or disadvantaging certain groups.
Machine Learning
Machine Learning
A branch of AI that allows computer systems to learn patterns from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed for every task.
Non-Standard Speech
Non-Standard Speech
Speech that differs from what most speech recognition systems are trained on. This may include speech affected by disability, neurological conditions, injury, accent variation, or local language patterns.
Open-Source
Open-Source, opensource, open source
Software, data, or models that are freely available for anyone to use, study, modify, and share. CDLI promotes open-source approaches to accelerate inclusive innovation.
Speech Dataset
Speech Dataset
A structured collection of recorded speech samples and corresponding text. These datasets are used to train and improve speech recognition models.
Speech Impairment
Speech Impairment
A condition that affects a person's ability to produce clear or typical speech. This can be temporary or lifelong and may result from disability, illness, injury, or neurological differences.
Speech Model
Speech Model
A trained AI system that processes and recognises spoken language. Speech models improve as they are exposed to more diverse and representative speech data.
Under-Resourced Languages
Under-Resourced Languages, Under Resourced Languages
Languages that lack sufficient digital data, tools, or technological support. Many African languages fall into this category, making them poorly supported by mainstream speech technologies.